Previous post, also an extension of related post
One of the results of the factors driving humans is incessant quest for meaning behind existence.
The latest idea which attempts to answer this question can be safely classified as scientific reductionism. In brief the explanation behind existence of life is that it is a result of evolution occurring over a span of billions of years. The evolution in turn is understood in terms of natural selection of fitter life forms. Hence the reason behind presence of any characteristic of homo sapiens, including but not limited to the the principle faculties referred to in earlier post, is a simple result of environmental pressure to drive toward bigger brains and dexterity.
Is idea of evolution perfect ? Not being an expert, I can not decide one way or other.
However, the problem that is presented with such a theory is while it does, in great detail, explain the mechanism behind the existence, it doesn't explain the existence. The only view one can form, if he were to take evolution and only that as the starting point is that life has not meaning, and existence is futile.
And once such conclusion is reached, there is no "rational" basis behind morality, ethics or civilization. Thereafter a rapacious murderer is on same footing as a saint.
This is nothing but nihilism in a modern cloak. As far as society goes this is harbinger of destruction.
Therefore if one aspires to find basis behind morality and ethics, it has to be beyond the narrow boundaries of rational dogmas. To put it another way, while rationality can explain phenomenon at experiences belonging to order of daily events, as we go far from it rationalism as a tool is less effective, at the extreme range (that is matters concerning self-existence) it fails completely.
Therefore life has to be understood not inside a petri dish* but outside the laboratory.
I suspect, in fact I am very much afraid that a moder atheist is arrogant of shallow rationalism, he doesn't even bother to examine the limits, and therefore modern atheism (and companion such as liberalism and individualism) as a foundation for society is dead end.
* Earlier invoked here